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Y chromosomes of different classes in ancient Mongolian khanate (13th-15th centuries)

According to "Dynamic 6000-year genetic history of Eastern steppe of Eurasia", distribution of Y-chromosome among representatives of different classes during period of Mongol Khanate (13-15 centuries).

From a sample point of view, there are 65 individuals, 37 males, and only 7 samples can provide C14 data for accurate timing, and rest of samples can only be roughly estimated to be from Mongol Empire period (13th century). -15th century).

The highest status is male number "TAH002". The social status of this person is Noble and type is D1a2a, but tomb is different from other modern Mongolian tombs and is suspected to be a respected foreigner. Mongol rulers.

There are 5 elite persons with second highest status, mainly R1b ​​and R1a. It is interesting that in another article "Molecular genealogy of family of Mongol queen and her possible relationship with Genghis Khan" it is believed that they may be Genghis Khan Tomb of daughter of "Alakay Beki" (Alakai Beki), DNA of two nobles in tomb group is also R1b (according to analysis of mtDNA fragment, should be son of Alakai Beki), Alakai Beki is third daughter of Genghis Khan Khan, next Marriage to Ongud (Ongud) tribe and have children, R1b is highly likely to be royal family type of Ongud tribe, and distant ancestor of Ongu tribe is Shatuo people of Western Turkic branch, which also matches DNA found in other Western Turks.

Unlike R1b, which was found only in tombs of noble elite, R1a is found in nobility, wealthy, and common people. What is particularly significant is that DUU002 man in Kent is only ancient man who can be identified as belonging to Qiyan, and his type is also R1a1a1. R1a today accounts for 3.0% of Mongolian people in China, and some Mongolian tribes in western Outer Mongolia, such as Khoton tribe, can reach over 80%.

C2b consists of 12 people, all of whom are civilians, occupying vast majority of civilians, and are also largest type.

There are 4 ancient individuals close to Genghis Khan paternal type C2-Y4541, derived from modern distribution, namely DAS001, SHA001, SHG003 and TSA003, which constitute largest proportion discovered during period of ancient Mongol Khanate (13th-15th centuries) . century), this type makes up 2.89% of Mongolian people in China today, and it is also most numerous type of modern Mongolian people.

There are 5 O2s, which are divided into 5 subtypes, 3 of which belong to subtype F8. From point of view of time, it is impossible to determine four specific eras, and one of them is considered early Ming Dynasty. In terms of social status, status of O is lower than that of R and C, which include 4 civilians and 1 war victim DEK001. This person DEK001 is superior F8 of Liu Bang's family type identified by Rubik's Cube 23. Time 1327-1435 AD. They were tragically taken apart and scattered in different tombs. Judging by time, they were probably victims of a war between Ming Empire and Northern Yuan Empire at end of Yuan Dynasty.

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