1. Maya civilization

The Maya civilization is first of three major Native American civilizations (the other two being Inca civilization and Aztec civilization) and oldest Native American civilization of that era.

The Maya civilization is found in rainforest regions of southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, etc. It is a Stone Age civilization that did not invent metal, but it can still be said to be glory of ancient Native Americans.

Link: Mayan Pyramid

The Maya is divided into Preclassic period (3000-1800 years ago), Classic period (1800-1100 years ago) and Postclassic period (1100-400 years ago). origin and core area of ​​the Maya civilization.

The reason why Maya are well known to modern Chinese is that many people in China believe that Maya are result of immigration from Shang Dynasty in ancient China, but it is a pity that DNA data cannot support this view.

2. Maya Y-Chromosome Research

The 2016 article "Maya: A Y Chromosome Perspective" provides data on Mayan Y chromosome.

Articles were collected from 351 representatives of modern Maya tribes, including Qekchi (n=132), Itza (n=80), Yucatan (n=73), Kaqchikel (n=45), Quiché (n=21) and others five areas, including Qekchi, birth and core of Maya civilization.

Y-chromosome test results show that majority of Maya are of underlying type Q1a2a1-L54, which is 82.0%. The largest downstream subtype is Q1a2a1a1-M3, which accounts for 68.10%. Types of Native American Subjects.

Another 1.10% of individuals belonged to C2n1a1a-P39 of northern branch of C2. This type is a common type among indigenous peoples of northwestern North America. Q1a2 and northern branch C2 are native Maya types. .

In addition, Maya also included patrilineal type Y of some European colonists, including R1b (9.70%), G (1.40%), I (0.90%), K (0.90% ), F (0.60%), J (0.30%) and so on.

Compared to other Native American tribes, Mayan paternal lineage largely retained original local elements, because when European colonists invaded, Maya had already entered an agricultural society, with a large population base, a stable social structure, and infiltration and replacement of paternal lineage by outsiders more difficult. However, many hunter-gatherer Indian tribes in Central and South America have vast lands and small populations, and paternal line has generally been replaced by 80-100% European and American paternal lines.

Third, genetic relationship between Maya and Chinese

Is it possible that Maya had Chinese genes in Shang Dynasty?

The results are disappointing. Gene types found in Shang Dynasty China, including O2a1b, O2a2b1a, O1a, O1b1a1, C2s (southern branch of C2), C1a, N1a2, N1a1, N1b1 , N1b2, etc.,None of them existed among Maya, and no traces of genes of Chinese of Shang Dynasty have been found in Maya.

The only branch associated with Maya is Q1a1a-M120 in China. This branch accounts for 1-5% of all parts of China. It shares a common ancestor with Maya Q1a2a1a1-M3 in Q-MEH2. 26,100 years ago, genes closest to Chinese were also separated 26,000 years ago.

Maya Q1a2a1a1-M3 (this type is also paternal line of most Central and South Americans), later paternal lines such as Q1a2a1-L54, Huns in ancient Mongolia, and ancient Russians in Western Siberia. are found in groups of bronzes on plains, and time of a common ancestor with Native Americans is 15,400 years ago.

It is generally believed that ancestors of Native American Indians came to North America from Siberia through Bering Strait about 15,000 years ago, then spread to South America and developed independently until European colonists discovered and invaded America.

The latest article found that ancient USR1 in western North America 1.1 years ago shared nearly 20% of components with Mengzi people of Yunnan, China. This part of gene is probably 1.5-1.1 dozen. thousands of years ago, when type Q1a2a1 or type C2n1a1a immigrated to Americas, genetic link between America and Asia was severed. For more information, see my previous article "Mengzi DNA Fossil Discovered: East Asians Had Straight Hair 30,000 Years Ago, Whitening Started 7,500 Years Ago"

However, during Shang Dynasty 3100 years ago, there was no gene exchange between Chinese and Indian natives, and there was no genetic trace of Shang Dynasty Chinese among Native American Indians.