Smith then complained: "The way they survive in this or that industry seems to have been achieved at expense of their intellectual, social, and military merit." There are serious concerns about moral implications. which appear to threaten ability of ordinary workers to carry out their duties in public sphere.

For Adam Smith, therefore, this corruption was result of "progress" embodied in influential conception of history by Scottish Enlightenment philosophers such as Lord Cummes and Adam Ferguson, who were concerned about progress of modern commercial production and division of labor.

Smith was well aware of duty and duty of authorities to counteract public harm by providing public education, and Smith cautioned: “In every progressive civilized society, working poor, that is, people in general, are necessarily bound to this condition, unless government makes an effort to stop him.

Smith even advocated compulsory basic education so that children could read and count. The author believes: "For a small fee, public can improve and even impose most important parts of education on every citizen."

Scottish education and ideas of Scottish Enlightenment shaped life and thought of Patrick Colkhorn, but like other Scots of that era, Colkhorn was drawn to center of British economic and political power.

Since American Revolution, Colquhorn made numerous trips to British capital, lobbying for commercial and industrial interests in Scotland and north of England, and was instrumental in setting up House of Commons Standing Committee on Trade, eventually settling permanently in London 1789.

Kirquhorn moved from Glasgow (the second largest city of Empire in nineteenth century) to capital of Empire, London, where he played an important role as a Scottish thinker of Enlightenment in British Empire and throughout European continent.

In 1792, Metropolitan Government appointed Cole Cuhoorn as Provisional Judge of East End, where he served as Magistrate of East End Commercial Centre.

In imperial metropolises, new urban working class created huge problems in terms of crime, industrial relations and social security, so Kirkuhorn's interest in solving problem of poverty in historical development of evolution of practice of market capitalism made a significant contribution.

Kirkuhorn's focus on education and education as a way of dealing with social dangers of industrialization and urbanization reflects his Scottish origins and his use of Scottish political economy.

Patrick Colquhoun's approach to social and economic reform and better governance draws heavily on experience of Glasgow and traditional Scottish knowledge. As his political economist Adam Smith has shown, Scottish writers of the Enlightenment did not adhere to intellectual knowledge or disciplinary boundaries.

Kirkuhorn's attitude towards education and his public school advocacy demonstrates how he gained attention of others as an Enlightenment scholar by putting forward a series of proposals based on political economy and empirical statistical analysis to reform criminal justice and fight poverty.

Influence of author's important ideas: All of Corkhorn's important lines of thought are interconnected and represent a collective response to social problems of time. commentators such as Adam Smith.

Kirkuhorn combined these concerns and interests, seeing education as a key means of easing social tensions and improving lives of poor.

Colquhorne became active in education shortly after moving to London from Scotland, and demonstrated a strong acumen in accounting and administration in his Treatise on Metropolitan Police in 1796. The importance of education for poor is highlighted in book, which details various crimes that threaten public and private property and suggests means to prevent them.

In his Metropolitan Police article, Colkhorn argues that a key cause of crime is "the lack of attention paid to education." He points out that situation is particularly dire in London due to lack of basic education for poor.

Based on views of Adam Smith, Andrew Bell, and Joseph Lancaster on role of education in promoting progress of nations, Colghorn wanted to "create a trend on part of legislature to achieve Great Purpose of educating children of nation."

Colghorn's proposals for development of a national education system in UK called for a partnership between private and public efforts. Colkhorn's educational agenda of building partnerships between individuals and governments reflects his experience in advocating for institutional reform, which has attracted attention of many scholars.

Colghorn played a leading role in creation of Thames Police, along with Justice of Peace John Harriot and utilitarian philosopher Jeremy.

The police force was created in 1798 with support of West Indian merchants, and in 1800 received state support from Parliament. The Thames Police can be interpreted as epitome of historical evolution of criminal justice and social policy.

However, this is also linked to Colghorn's early experience as a community leader, as Glasgow was first city in UK to have a police force in 1779.

An Act of Parliament eventually empowered Glasgow police force in 1800, and Colghorn's experience as head of Scottish local government was a major influence in his efforts to reform police force in London and form a model for public education.

The ultimate goal of Colechorn's public policy was to create a national education system in England, with success in Scotland at end of eighteenth century (largely under Kirk's mandate and with support of country's government). Individual efforts and leadership also play an important role. important role.

The Westminster Free School Model published by Colghorn explicitly proposes to encourage people in UK and Ireland to provide financial support to increase access to poor. According to Colkhorn, "it is difficult to imagine a model in which a greater good can be achieved by state or by community as a whole, and it covers almost all objects important for political economy."

Although scholars who have discussed Colkhorn's police powers generally consider Colkhorn a conservative theorist of reprisals, he was also a staunch critic of eighteenth century British Blood Code and a critic of British. harshness of judiciary echoes Tudor critique of thieves' justice in Sir Thomas More's Utopia.

Kirkuhorn complained: “It is both ancient and modern that lower classes should be poorly educated, utterly inconsiderate of ordinances of state that would help to improve their morals, and then punished with unprecedented measures. It is wrong to know that their crimes are due to bad habits and first thing to do to fix this flawed criminal justice system is education."

The relationship between urbanization and industrialization is most pronounced in London, as reflected in Cole Kuehoorn's discussions of British poverty, crime and social policy, which converge on final solution to problem of education.

The rapid decline of morals in lower strata of society is evident to every careful observer, and Colkhorn warned in 1806: "With growth of population, rising generation. What will happen if you do not get a good education?" /p>

Education for poor should be aimed at giving them moral ability to resist vices and temptations that will make themoshimi and useful members of society.

Links:

Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Patrick Colkhorn, A Treatise on Metropolitan Police (1796)

Thomas More's Utopia (1516)